Global News Post: Nuclear reactors

India Can Develop World's Cheapest Nuclear Reactor

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">NEW DELHI, India (NNN-Bernama) -- India can develop the cheapest nuclear reactors at US$1,700 per unit for a 700 MW reactor compared with an average world's price of US$2,500 and US$3,000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The completion cost of the indigenous 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) presently under construction is about US$1,700/kWe, Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office V. Narayanasamy said Thursday.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He said the overnight costs of South Korean reactors Optimised Power Reactor-1000 and Advanced Pressurised Reactor-1400 stood at US$1,876/kWe and US$1,556/kWe respectively, as per the International Energy Agency’s publication “Projected Costs of Generating Electricity” 2010 Edition. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The overnight cost of Indian 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) is about US$1,150/kWe at 2008 prices, he said in parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The quality of Indian nuclear power reactors is comparable to those in other countries of the world including South Korea, he said. -- NNN-BERNAMA<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

India Can Develop World's Cheapest Nuclear Reactor

NEW DELHI, India (NNN-Bernama) -- India can develop the cheapest nuclear reactors at US$1,700 per unit for a 700 MW reactor compared with ...

Protesters stop construction of Indo-Russian nuclear plant

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><st1:city w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Moscow</span></st1:city><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> (RIA Novosti)- Protesters in southern <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region> have prevented several thousand engineers and workers from continuing construction work on a nuclear plant that is being built with <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s help, local police told RIA Novosti on Thursday.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">On Wednesday, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said protests against the Koodankulam facility would impede the state’s development.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">More than 700 engineers and scientists, as well as several thousand construction workers involved in building the nuclear plant were unable to reach the site.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Villagers living nearby have been on a hunger strike to protest the construction, Indian media reported.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Last month, Russian nuclear chief Sergei Kiriyenko said the plant would begin low-level operation by the end of the year.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

Protesters stop construction of Indo-Russian nuclear plant

Moscow (RIA Novosti)- Protesters in southern India have prevented several thousand engineers and workers from continuing construction wor...

India's Nuclear Plants Safe, World-Class - PM Manmohan

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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">      </span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Nuclear-Plant-Photograph-Beautiful-Photographic/dp/B0015BQKVG?ie=UTF8&tag=glob036-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Nuclear Plant Photograph - Beautiful 16"x20" Photographic Print by Carol M. Highsmith" height="310" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=B0015BQKVG&tag=glob036-20" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=glob036-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=B0015BQKVG" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />NEW DELHI (NNN-PTI) -- Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wednesday assured the Lok Sabha that nuclear facilities in the country were "world-class" and all efforts were being made to maintain the best safety standards for both on-shore and off-shore nuclear power plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Safety concerns are paramount...You have my assurance that while expanding our nuclear facilities we will not compromise on nuclear safety. This is an on-going process. Our nuclear facilities are world-class," Singh, who also holds the Atomic Energy portfolio, told the Lok Sabha during Question Hour.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He said that after the recent tragedy in Fukushima, Japan where a nuclear power plant was hit during a Tsunami, he had ordered nuclear agencies like NPCIL, BARC and AERB to re-look into the issue of safety of India's nuclear installations.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Prime Minister's remarks came in response to a query from Jaswant Singh (BJP) about the steps being taken for ensuring safety of the nuclear power plants in Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The BJP leader said six nuclear plants were already active in Rawatbhatta in Rajasthan and the seventh plant was coming up. He insisted that the Fukushima tragedy was a lesson and consequences of such disasters are phenomenal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Earlier, in reply to a question, Minister of State in PMO V Narayanasamy said that the Prime Minister has asked AERB to review the safety measures and has held meetings with the departments concerned and authorities to discuss the issue.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .95in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Four committees have been formed to go into additional security measures after the Fukushima tragedy. AERB has constituted a committee," Narayanasamy said. -- NNN-PTI<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

India's Nuclear Plants Safe, World-Class - PM Manmohan

NEW DELHI (NNN-PTI) -- Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wednesday assured the Lok Sabha that nuclear facilities in the country we...

Can a Chernobyl Type Accident Take Place in Indian Nuclear Power Plants?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Nuclear power has a very good safety record for a period spanning more than three decades. The Three Mile Island (TMI) accident in March, 1979 and the Chernobyl accident in April, 1986, have raised apprehensions in the minds of the public all over the world. In the case of TMI, no radiation injury had occured to any member of the Public. In fact all the safety systems had worked as designed and no radioactivity was released to the atmosphere. At chernobyl, 31 people died and they are all plant personnel. However, it must be recognised that the Chernobyl accident occured due to the negligence of operaters who violated the safety procedures. Besides, the Chernobyl reactor is a totally different type. It employed Graphite as a moderator. Graphite is a form of carbon and its combustible property contributed to explosion in the reactor core. Such a sequence of events in the Nuclear plants is not possible and explosion in the core is ruled out as it is cooled and moderated by heavy water. Adequate safety features in the plant are provided to ensure its safe operation. Paramount importance is given in setting up of nuclear power installations, to the safety of operating staff, public and environment. Safety experts and regulatory personnel are associated at all --- missioning and operation of nuclear power plants. Thus Chernobyl type accident is ruled out in Indian Nuclear Power Plants.<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>What is India’s 3-Phase Nuclear Power Programme?<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In view of the limited fossil fuel availability with the country, the relevance of Nuclear Power in meeting the short and long term needs of our energy was recognised right at the initial stage. From the very beginning, as a long term strategy, the Nuclear Power Programme formulated by Dr. Homi Bhabha embarked on the three stage nuclear power programme, linking the fuel cycle of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) and Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) for Judicious utilisation of our limited reserves of Uranium and vast Thorium reserves. The emphasis of the programme was self-reliance and thorium utilisation as a long term objective. The PHWR was chosen due to extensive research and development facilities covering diverse areas for supporting technology absorption. </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>The 3-stage of our Nuclear Power Programme are : <o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 4.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong><span><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span>Stage-I</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : </span><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">envisages, construction of Natural Uranium, Heavy Water Moderated and Cooled Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). Spent fuel from these reactors is reprocessed to obtain Plutonium. </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 4.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong><span><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span>Stage-II</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : </span><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">evisages, construction of Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) fuelled by Plutonium produced in stage-I. These reactors would also breed U-233 from Thorium. </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 4.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong><span><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span>Stage-III</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : </span><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">would comprise power reactors using U-233 / Thorium as fuel. </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>What are India’s available energy resources?<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span><tbody>
<tr style="height: 24pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="4" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 24pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>India's available   energy resources are shown in the following table : <br />
Identified Energy Reserves <o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Coal<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt; width: 19.86%;" width="19%"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>186<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt; width: 30.78%;" width="30%"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>billion tonnes<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Lignite<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>5,060<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>million tonnes<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Crude Oil<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>728<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>million tonnes<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Natural Gas<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>686<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>billion Cu-m<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Uranium<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>78,000<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>tonnes<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Thorium<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>3,63,000<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>tonnes<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td colspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Hydro<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>84,000<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>MW at 60 % PLF<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td rowspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt; width: 21.84%;" width="21%"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Renewables<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt; width: 26.8%;" width="26%"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Biomass<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>6000<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>MWe<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>Wind, Solar etc.<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>20,000<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>MWe<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>   </strong></span></td><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></tr>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong> </strong></span></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>How is environment surrounding Nuclear Plant is monitored?<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #010101; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>This is done by the Environmental Survey Laboratory (ESL) set up well before starting the operation of the plant. The ESL collects data on forest, flora and fauna, marine products, food and air etc., to set up base level data on their quality prior to commencement of the operation of the plant. Samples are drawn and regularly analysed to ascertain the status on a continuos basis. The ESL functions independent of plant authorities and the data collected is checked by the regulatory authorities for control purposes.PIB<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>  </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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Can a Chernobyl Type Accident Take Place in Indian Nuclear Power Plants?

Nuclear power has a very good safety record for a period spanning more than three decades. The Three Mile Island (TMI) accident in March, 19...

Hundreds of thousands march in Germany against nuclear energy

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrw-cXqbC_q38sxef_dTTbdgse6eannLnqbACtJoWKM_D1FoMuc-mT0qrAOxUHQKlu-LuwhwMU37wearIlGtaPe-jJOJhWj8DkENaKA7PiHK1y2IFCbf28C1cEDAYQ6_B_KJxz0m59XZ51/s1600/30311567-1104134.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrw-cXqbC_q38sxef_dTTbdgse6eannLnqbACtJoWKM_D1FoMuc-mT0qrAOxUHQKlu-LuwhwMU37wearIlGtaPe-jJOJhWj8DkENaKA7PiHK1y2IFCbf28C1cEDAYQ6_B_KJxz0m59XZ51/s320/30311567-1104134.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Berlin-- Hundreds of thousands of anti-nuclear protesters took to the streets of Germany amidst the ongoing atomic catastrophe in Japan, demanding the permanent closures of the country's 17 nuclear plants, organizers announced Saturday.</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><i></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">More than 250,000 people, among them many young families, marched peacefully in </span></i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">major German cities like Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne to say 'no' to<br />nuclear energy in their country.<br />Protesters expressed deep scepticism on Chancellor Angela Merkel's decision to shutdown the nuclear reactors for a three-month security check moratorium in the wake of Japan's nuclear fiasco, branding it a pre-election trick ahead of Sunday's crucial regional vote in two German states.<br />The vote in the states of Baden-Wuerttemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate is also<br />widely regarded as a referendum on Merkel's policies. </span></i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 20px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">(IRNA)</span></span></i></span></div></div>

Hundreds of thousands march in Germany against nuclear energy

Berlin-- Hundreds of thousands of anti-nuclear protesters took to the streets of Germany amidst the ongoing atomic catastrophe in Japan, dem...