 |
VOA's Scott
Stearns interviews Burmese opposition leader
Aung San Suu
Kyi at VOA in Washington D.C.,
Tuesday, Sept.
18, 2012. (VOA/A. Klein)
|
STEARNS:
Thank you for being with us this afternoon. Our time is short; we'll get right
to the questions. Political and economic reforms in Burma are clearly not yet
complete. What needs to happen next?
ASSK:
We need to just go on with the process. We need to find out what we have to do
in order to keep the democratization process on track. Economic reforms have to be taken one by one.
You see it's not just speed that's important, it's sequencing as well. You've
got to get the speed right; you have to get the sequencing right. Save to get
the sequencing right. So we have to find out what next should be done. There is
so much to be done.
STEARNS: Keeping democratic reforms on track, what you
think is the biggest impediment there?
ASSK: I think it's knowing what kind of reforms
should come first.
STEARNS: Do support United States lifting trade
sanctions against Burma?
ASSK:
Yes I do because I think it's time we tried to stand on our own and I've been
very grateful to the United States for what they've done to help the forces of
democracy. I think sanctions of helped us greatly. There have been many claims
that sanctions have hurt Burma economically, but I did not agree with that
point of view. If you look at reports by
the IMF, for example, they make quite clear that the economic impact on Burma
has not been that great. But I think the political impact has been very great
and that has helped us in our struggle for democracy.
STEARNS: Do you think that this process is gotten to
the point now where the changes are reversible?
ASSK: That I don't think we can say until the Army
is totally committed to change because under the present Constitution, the Army
can always take over all parts of government if they think this is necessary.
so until the Army comes out clearly and consistently in support of the
democratic process we cannot say that it’s irreversible. But I don't think we
need fear a reversal too much either.
STEARNS: You’ve spoken of the need to change the
Constitution to remove the military's guaranteed portion of seats in
Parliament. How do you intend to go about that?
ASSK:
I've never emphasized the military's guaranteed proportion. That's what others of emphasized. That does
not worry me so much as the provision for the commander-in-chief to take over
the powers of government when he thinks necessary. And of course there are other parts of the
Constitution which do not actually mesh with the working of the genuine
democracy. But whatever we do whatever
changes we bring about with regard to the Constitution I want to bring these changes
about with the cooperation and willing cooperation with of the Army.
STEARNS:
Why do you think the Army has engaged in this process of reform now?
ASSK:
The process of reform was actually started by the executive and the
legislature. It was President Thein Sein who started the reform process. But of course you must remember that
democracy is made up not of made up only of the executive, but the legislature
and the judiciary. The legislature has
also played its part in promoting reform. The military are part of the
legislature in that they are 25% of that, but I think they also work closely
with the executive. What we are lacking
in Burma is an independence effective judiciary, and unless we have all three
of these democratic institutions - strong and healthy, we cannot say that our
democratic processes (is complete).
STEARNS:
Is there something at present that you think made this a ripe time for these
changes in Burma? There are other
regimes that have entrenched themselves…
ASSK:
There were the elections in 2010 when they said they were turning the
administration over to civilian government. Actually most of the people in the
civilian government recently retired from the previous Army government, but
they did have elections and there are many who question the fairness of the
elections and even the United Nations has said these elections were flawed, but
certainly was no longer officially a military government, it was a civilian
government. I think it is a civilian
government which is close to the military because many of them are retired
members of the military, but I think the desire for reform of President Thein
Sein is very genuine. And now that I've been in a couple months in the
legislature I can see that both the speakers of the upper and lower house also
are very committed to the democratic process.
STEARNS: We've had many questions on our Twitter feed
about violence against Muslims and specifically how the treatment of Rohinja
reflects some on the tenets of Buddhism. What do you think of that?
ASSK: Communal tensions are very, very difficult to
dissipate in a short time and there have been communal tensions in Burma for
decades. The latest episodes of violence
erupted because of, from my point of view, from a lack of rule of law. It all
started with a criminal act, and if action had been taken quickly, if justice
had been done and seen to be done, it would not have escalated in the kind of
almost full-scale violence that it did. We believe as a National League for
democracy that human rights must be protected by the rule of law, and there can
never be occasions where human rights can be neglected or ignored or the rule
of law set aside.
STEARNS:
What about efforts to trying to find a lasting solution to the Karen and Kachin
issues as well.
ASSK:
Lasting solutions are always difficult to come to. But they will have to
persevere. I've been repeating ad nauseam that we in Burma we are weak with
regard to the culture of negotiated compromises, that we have to develop the
ability to achieve such compromises. If
you want to bring an end to long-standing conflict, you have to be prepared to
compromise. If either or both sides
insist on getting everything that they want – that is to say 100 percent of
their demands to be met, then there can never be a settlement. So we have to
negotiate the kind of compromise that is acceptable to all the parties
concerned.
STEARNS:
A question to you from Facebook: What role do you think of the role of the the
Burmese artists and authors can play in the social changes that are undergoing?
ASSK:
Burmese authors and artists can play the role that artists everywhere play.
They help to mold the outlook of a society -- not the whole outlook and they
are not the only ones to mold the outlook of society, but they have an
important role to play there. And I think if they take up this role seriously
and link it to the kind of changes were wish to bring about in our country they
could be a tremendous help.
STEARNS:
Can you speak to us for a moment about the need to improve primary education in
the country as well as a means of preparing this next generation of Burmese?
ASSK: We need to improve education in the country
- not only primary education, but
secondary and tertiary education. Our education system is very very bad. But,
of course, if you look at primary education, we have to think in terms of early
childhood development that's going back to before the child is born - making
sure the mother is well nourished and the child is properly nurtured. Early
childhood development has proved to be very beneficial and very cost-effective
in societies where this is been tried. So let’s not confine ourselves to
primary education. Let’s think of early
childhood development and education as a whole.
But at the moment I would like to emphasize the need for vocational
training, for non-formal education in our country to help all those young
people who have suffered from a bad education.
They have to be trained to earn their living. They have to have enough
education vocational training to be able to set up respectable lives for
themselves.
STEARNS:
There are many foreign investors interested in coming to Burma, especially with
the lifting of trade sanctions. Do you see a role for the private sector to
play in supporting that vocational education?
ASSK:
Of course. Already I am going to start a small vocational training program in
my Township. We've bought a plot of land and were going to build vocational
training center. This I've been able to do from funds contributed by private
citizens.
STEARNS:
Your country has a long history with China. Do you have any concern that the
competition between China and the United States in that region could affect the
development of a young emerging economy in Burma?
ASSK: I don't think we should think of it as
competition between the United States and China. And if it is competition, I
hope there will be healthy competition and not the kind of competition that is
adversarial. We don't want this to be
adversaries, we want them to be partners in developing that economic stability
of the region.
STEARNS:
Do you think United States has pressed China enough on its human rights
situation?
ASSK: I think you would know that better than I.
STEARNS:
One final question. Another question from Facebook - In your years under house
arrest, what is it that kept it going? Did you feel that it was just never
going to end?
ASSK: No I never felt it was never going to
end, and I didn't really feel the need
for anything to keep me going. I felt
myself to be on the path that I had chosen and I was perfectly prepared to keep
to that path.
STEARNS:
What would you say to people in other countries who are in similar situations,
under house arrest, who look to you for inspiration?
ASSK:
First of all I would say don't give up hope. At the same time I would say there
is no hope without endeavor. You've got
to work, you got to make an effort. It
is not enough to sit and hope. You have to work in order to realize your hopes.---VOA News
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